| Cidofovir is a cytidine nucleotide analogue. Cidofovir has in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of herpesviruses, including CMV, HSV-1 and -2, VZV, EBV, HHV-6 and KSHV (HHV-8), as well as against adenovirus, human papillomavirus (HPV), polyoma-viruses, and human poxviruse. Cidofovir is used as an intravenous treatment for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis. Cidofovir inhibits herpesviruses VZV, EBM, HHV-8 (KSHV) with IC50 of 0.79, 0.03 and 0.5μM, respectively. Cidofovir suppresses herpesvirus replication by selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Cidofovir acts as both a potent inhibitor and an alternate substrate for viral DNA polymerase, in competition with the natural substrate deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) after intracellular phosphorylation to the diphosphate metabolite. Cidofovir also has great antiviral activity against poxviruses. Cidofovir inhibits Variola Vero, Variola BSC, Cowpox Vero, Cowpox BSC, Camelpox Vero, Camelpox BSC with IC50 of 6.0, 8.0, 62.0, 31.0, 22.0, 28.0μM, respectively. Besides, cidofovir in combination with either ganciclovir or foscarnet demonstrates synergistic inhibition of HCMV replication. [1] In vivo, cidofovir has shown high efficacy in protecting mice from a lethal respiratory infection with either vaccinia or cowpox. Cidofovir is also effective in the treatment of vaccinia virus infection in severe combined immune deficiency mice.[2] |
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