碳鋼
carbon steel
碳鋼也叫碳素鋼，是含碳量（wc）小于2%的鐵碳合金。碳鋼除含碳外一般還含有少量的硅、錳、硫、磷。
Carbon steel, also called carbon steel, is an iron carbon alloy with carbon content (WC) less than 2%. Carbon steel usually contains a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus besides carbon.
按用處能夠把碳鋼分為碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼、碳素工具鋼和易切削結(jié)構(gòu)鋼三類。碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼又可分為修建結(jié)構(gòu)鋼和機(jī)器制作結(jié)構(gòu)鋼兩種。
Carbon steel can be divided into three types: carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free cutting structural steel. Carbon structural steel can be further divided into two types: structural steel and machine structural steel.
按含碳量能夠把碳鋼分為低碳鋼(wc≤0.25%)，中碳鋼(wc 0.25%~0.6%)和高碳鋼(wc >0.6%)。按磷、硫含量能夠把碳素鋼分為一般碳素鋼(含磷、硫較高)、優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素鋼(含磷、硫較低)和高檔優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼(含磷、硫更低)。
According to the carbon content of the steel can be divided into low carbon steel (WC = 0.25%), medium carbon steel and high carbon steel (WC 0.25%~0.6%) (WC >0.6%). Carbon steel can be divided into common carbon steel (phosphorus and sulfur), high quality carbon steel (low phosphorus and sulfur) and high grade high quality steel (containing phosphorus and sulfur) according to the content of phosphorus and sulfur.
一般碳鋼中含碳量越高則硬度越高，強(qiáng)度也越高，但塑性下降。
In general carbon steel, the higher the carbon content, the higher the hardness, the higher the strength, but the plasticity decreases.
碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼
Carbon structural steel
這類鋼首要確保力學(xué)功能，故其商標(biāo)表現(xiàn)其力學(xué)功能，用Q+數(shù)字表明，其中“Q”為屈服點(diǎn)“屈”字的漢語(yǔ)拼音字首，數(shù)字表明屈服點(diǎn)數(shù)值，例如Q275表明屈服點(diǎn)為275MPa。若商標(biāo)后邊標(biāo)示字母A、B、C、D，則表明鋼材質(zhì)量等級(jí)不同，含S、P的量順次下降，鋼材質(zhì)量順次進(jìn)步。若在商標(biāo)后邊標(biāo)示字母“F”則為沸騰鋼，標(biāo)示“b”為半鎮(zhèn)靜鋼，不標(biāo)示“F"或“b”者為鎮(zhèn)靜鋼。例如Q235-A·F表明屈服點(diǎn)為235MPa的A級(jí)沸騰鋼，Q235-c表明屈服點(diǎn)為235MPa的c級(jí)鎮(zhèn)靜鋼。
碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼一般情況下都不經(jīng)熱處理，而在供應(yīng)狀態(tài)下直接使用。一般Q195、Q215、Q235鋼碳的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)低，焊接功能好，塑性、耐性好，有一定強(qiáng)度，常軋制成薄板、鋼筋、焊接鋼管等，用于橋梁、修建等結(jié)構(gòu)和制作一般鉚釘、螺釘、螺母 |
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